Engineering Magazine

The following are the main properties of materials that are studied in strength of materials:

1. Elasticity: Elasticity is the ability of a material to deform under stress and return to its original shape when the stress is removed. Materials that exhibit high elasticity are said to be “elastic,” while those that do not exhibit much elasticity are said to be “inelastic.” Elasticity is an important property in strength of materials because it determines how much a material will deform under load and how it will recover when the load is removed.
2. Plasticity: Plasticity is the ability of a material to deform permanently under stress. Materials that exhibit high plasticity are said to be “ductile,” while those that do not exhibit much plasticity are said to be “brittle.” Plasticity is important in strength of materials because it determines how much a material can deform before it fails.
3. Hardness: Hardness is the resistance of a material to indentation, scratching, or abrasion. It is an important property in strength of materials because it determines how a material will resist wear and tear and how it will perform under abrasive conditions.
4. Toughness: Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy before fracturing. Tough materials are able to withstand impacts and shock loading without fracturing. Toughness is important in strength of materials because it determines how much energy a material can absorb before failure.
5. Ductility: Ductility is the ability of a material to deform without fracturing. Ductile materials can be drawn into wires or stretched into thin sheets without fracturing. Ductility is important in strength of materials because it determines how much a material can deform before failure.
6. Brittleness: Brittleness is the tendency of a material to fracture without significant plastic deformation. Brittle materials fracture suddenly and without warning when subjected to stress. Brittleness is important in strength of materials because it determines how much a material can deform before failure.
7. Fatigue: Fatigue is the tendency of a material to fail under repeated loading, even when the maximum stress is well below the material’s yield strength. Fatigue is an important property in strength of materials because it determines how a material will perform under cyclic loading conditions.
8. Creep: Creep is the tendency of a material to deform permanently under constant load over time. Creep is an important property in strength of materials because it determines how a material will behave under long-term loading conditions.
9. Resilience: Resilience is the ability of a material to absorb energy without fracturing. Resilient materials are able to deform under load and recover their original shape when the load is removed. Resilience is important in strength of materials because it determines how much energy a material can absorb before failure.
10. Modulus of elasticity: The modulus of elasticity, also known as Young’s modulus, is a measure of a material’s stiffness or resistance to deformation. It is an important property in strength of materials because it determines how much a material will deform under load.

Overall, these properties are important in determining how a material will behave under different loading conditions, and they are essential for designing structures and machines that can withstand the stresses and strains of their operating environments.